One subject of the invention is thus a detergent cosmetic composition comprising, in a cosmetically acceptable aqueous medium, at least one anionic surfactant and at least one amphoteric surfactant as described below in an anionic surfactant(s)/amphoteric surfactant(s) weight ratio of less than or equal to 1, at least one cationic polymer with a cationic charge density of greater than 5 meq/g and