TAGS: Sustainability / Natural Cosmetics Hair Care
The proof-of-concept study jointly coordinated by Goethe University Frankfurt and RWTH Aachen University, has revealed the early assessment of sustainable, newly developed chemicals and products, the potential risk of toxic substances being released at a later point in product cascades.
During the study, the toxicity of sustainable biosurfactants, potentially applied in, e.g., bio-shampoos, and of new technology for the economical deployment of plant protection agents were analyzed using a combination of computer modeling and laboratory experiments.
The study is the first step towards a safe bioeconomy from an eco-toxicological stance and uses sustainable resources and processes to reduce environmental burdens significantly.
Examining the Toxic Impact on the Environment
Rather than relying on fossil-based materials, the economy is to be based on renewable materials. These include plants, wood, microorganisms, and algae. At some point in time everything is to be found in closed loops, yet the implementation of a circular bioeconomy requires a shift in the manufacture of chemicals. These also have to be produced from biomaterials rather than crude oil. Based on these requirements the American chemists Paul Anastas and John C. Warner formulated their twelve principles of green chemistry in 1998. One of their principles has very much been neglected to date, however: the reduction of the environmental toxicity of newly developed substances.
It is precisely here that the interdisciplinary project “GreenToxiConomy", which is part of the scientific alliance Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), comes into play. The objective was to examine bio-based substances and innovative technologies with a view to their toxic impact on the environment at an early stage in product development and to incorporate the resulting findings into product design.
Project partners from Aachen, Jülich, and Düsseldorf provided two of their bio-based product candidates for the analysis:-
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microgel containers for crop protection agents
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biosurfactants
The wash-active
biosurfactants for use in shampoos and detergents at BioSC are based on the synthesis abilities of the Pseudomonas putida bacterium and the Ustilago maydis fungus, respectively, rather than on crude oil. The microgel technology allows for the controlled delivery of crop protection agents because the containers ensure that the active ingredients still adhere to the plants in the event of rain.
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For the analysis of novel substances and technologies, we have selected a broad range of concentrations to be able to adequately estimate potential hazards for humans and the environment. We wanted to examine whether the bio-based surfactants were more environmentally friendly than conventional chemical surfactants. In addition, we investigated whether the microgel containers per se induce any toxicity," explains Dr. Sarah Johann, the lead author at the Institute for Ecology, Evolution, and Diversity at Goethe University Frankfurt.
Two-pronged Evaluation Process
To ensure the ecotoxicological evaluation the project team combined two elements in the determination of the toxicity, computer-aided prognoses (in silico) and experiments in the laboratory (in vitro and in vivo). The computer models work with the toxicity data of known chemicals, whose structure they compared with the structure of the new bio-based substances to forecast the toxicity.
The experiments were conducted on aquatic and terrestrial organisms that represent specific organism groups, among them earthworms, springtails, water fleas and zebrafish embryos at a very early stage.
The result showed both biosurfactants and microgels are highly promising candidates for use in a future bioeconomy whose products must be sustainably manufactured while not causing any environmental damage or harm to humans both during and after their utilization.
“We can only make statements within certain limits, however, as the transfer of laboratory results to the reality in the open field or in other applications is complicated," says Johann. More research is necessary for a holistic assessment of the risk potential, which is why follow-up projects are planned.
Source: Goethe University Frankfurt